Mister Richardson's
World History Class

OUTLINE

Chapter 3: The Roman Republic

The Beginning of Roman Civilization

1. Geography
   1. Mare Nostrum
   2. Apennine Mts.
2. The Etruscans
3. Founding of Rome
   1. League of Seven Hills
   2. Romulus & Remus
4. Early Society
   1. Clans and tribes
   2. Patricians and Plebeians
   3. The Imperium and fasces

The Early Roman Republic

1. Senate
   1. held most of the power
   2. composed of about 300 aristocrats
2. Consuls
   1. chosen from the Senate
   2. served for one year
   3. held the imperium
   4. executed the laws
   5. commanded the army
3. Censors
   1. chosen from the Senate
   2. served for 18 months
   3. determined taxation, military service, and voting requirements
4. Tribunes
   1. elected by the assemblies
   2. served for one year
   3. had the right to veto the Senate or consuls
5. Tribal Assembly
   1. chosen from territorial districts
   2. helped choose tribunes
6. Assembly of Centuries
   1. members organized by class
   2. helped choose tribunes
7. Law of the Twelve Tables

III. The Punic Wars (264-146 BC)

1. First Punic War (264-241 BC)
   1. Fought for control of Sicily
   2. Roman naval improvements
   3. Rome finally won back control of Sicily
   4. Carthage was forced to pay for Roman losses
2. Second Punic War (218-201 BC)
   1. Carthage attacked Roman possessions in Spain
   2. Hannibal attacked Rome from the north, coming over the Alps
   3. Hannibal victorious in Italy
      • Battle of Cannae
   4. Scipio's attack of Carthage
      • Battle of Zama
      • Carthage forced to surrender & pay war damages
3. Third Punic War (149-146 BC)
   1. Instigation of Cato
   2. Carthage breaks treaty
   3. Final destruction of Carthage

IV. Decline into Dictatorship

1. Problems
   1. The economy
      • Farmers and grain prices
      • War and taxes
      • Corruption
   2. Failure of Reforms
      • Tiberius & Gaius Gracchus
      • Senate unwilling to change
2. First Civil War
   1. Marius, leader of the common people
   2. Sulla, appointed by the Senate
   3. Sulla victorious
   4. Tribal assembly and Tribunes out of power
3. Second Civil War
   1. Crassus and Pompey
   2. Julius Caesar
   3. First Triumvirate
   4. Caesar defeats Pompey
   5. Caesar assassinated by the Senate
4. Third Civil War
   1. Mark Antony
   2. Octavian
   3. Cleopatra
   4. Battle of Actium
   5. Augustus Caesar, the first emperor